Bali is a popular destination for the surfing crowd.

In 1997, Indonesia was falling apart at the seams from the Asian Financial Crisis that swept through Asia.In 1998, the country’s gross domestic product had declined by 13%, its currency had devalued by over 800% against the dollar, and Indonesia’s financial system was on the verge of collapse. However, an Indonesia retirement today is becoming increasingly viable as the country moves through an amazing recovery.

Indonesia Retirement Today: Indonesia’s Economy

 Prior to the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997, Indonesia was seen as one of the newly industrializing economies of Asia. Many thought that the country would be developing rapidly and would soon emerge as one of the new Asian Tigers behind the likes of Singapore and South Korea.

The country’s large resource base which includes fertile agricultural lands, petroleum and natural gas, and a wide range of metals like tin, copper and gold, seemed ready to launch the country into becoming one of the major players in the modern global economy. The country’s population of 230 million people made it the fourth largest market in the world. The country’s resource base and market attracted large inflows of foreign investment that accelerated the country’s growth. All the pieces for success seemed in place.

Then, in 1997 the Asian Economic Crisis rippled throughout the country causing the Indonesian economy to decline by almost 14%. Coupled with the collapse of the rupiah and ethnic violence, Indonesia seemed nothing more than an ailing Asian pussycat and nothing close to being the tiger as many had hoped.

Sunset over Jakarta with all the appearances of an economic recovery.

However, within a span of five years, Indonesia seemed to have picked itself up and is on its way to fulfilling its economic promise. Economic growth has increased to over 5% a year, the Jakarta stock market seemed to have recovered, foreign debt has declined as a proportion of its national income, its has risen to becoming the 16th largest economy in the world, and the election of a reform oriented government are all positive signs of the country’s recovery.

Today, nearly 42% of the country’s population still remain employed in the agricultural sector. About 39% of the population work in services and 19% in manufacturing. The large agricultural workforce is characteristic of a developing country indicating that the country still has a long way to go, but it now seems to be on the right course for success. Although today’s current Global Economic Crisis is slowing down Indonesia’s economic recovery, the country does not appear to be as heavily affected as some of the more developed nations as the world.

Indonesia continues to form strong economic ties to other Asian nations. Over 50% of its export trade is with other Asian countries, with Japan being the largest recipient of Indonesian exports. In turn, close to 60% of its imports come from Asia – primarily from Singapore, China and Japan. Foreign investment increased from $59 billion USD to $67 billion USD from 2007 to 2008 – a good sign that investors see a lot of potential in the country.

For retirement purposes, Indonesia seems to have turned the corner and now offers the retiree a stable and growing economy. The country still does have many problems associated with economic development, but one should be able to retire abroad to any of Indonesia’s major urban centers without a great deal of difficulty.

Curried chicken on a stick.

Indonesia Retirement: Indonesian Cuisine

The cuisine of Indonesia reflects it’s diverse history and its location along major trade routes between Europe and Asia. The Dutch, Spanish, and Portuguese left their cultural imprints on the country. India and China were trading partners with Indonesia long before European colonization. The archipelagic nature of the country also insures large regional differences among the many islands of the country.

And today, Indonesia’s emergence in the global economy insures that a retirement abroad in Indonesia will provide many of the American comforts of home for expatriate living – from supermarkets with international goods, to international fine dining restaurants catering to the tourists, and to the ubiquitous Kentucky Fried Chicken franchises.

Indonesia Retirement: Indonesia’s Healthcare System

Indonesia’s healthcare system is widely criticized for being inadequate. Although medical care is available in major urban centers, medical care is probably inadequate in most rural areas. The level of government funding for healthcare is relatively low in comparison to other countries.

It is estimated that each year, over a million Indonesians seek medical care overseas in Singapore, Australia or Malaysia. Indonesia’s healthcare system is ranked 92nd in the world by the World Health Organization. While it is likely that your average expatriate living in Indonesia’s major urban center will be able to obtain basic medical care without difficulty, it may be a more reasonable option to fly to a neighboring country with more advanced healthcare facilities for serious healthcare problems.

Indonesia Retirement: Housing

Cost of housing is quite variable in the country. The cost of living in any of the major cities is typically much higher than rural living. Expatriates report that the cost of living (including housing) will range from $400 to over $1,000 per month depending on one’s needs and style for housing and daily living expenses.

Despite social and political problems, most people are looking forward to a bright future.

Indonesia Retirement: Social and Political Issues in Indonesia

There are a number of separatist movement in the country, most notably in the provinces of Aceh and Papua that occasionally leads to open fighting. However, a ceasefire has been in effect since 2005.

Although Indonesia is a predominantly Muslim country, the government has cooperated with other nations in the fight against global terrorism from groups such as Al-Qaeda. There have been bombings as recently as this past summer which have taken lives. Many of these bombings targeted tourist areas such as major hotels and restaurants.

Jemaah Islamiyah is a regional “terrorist” group that has the goal of reuniting many of Southeast Asia’s countries into a single unified Muslim state. It is suspected that this group has been behind recent bombings of luxury hotels in Jakarta and in the southern Philippines in the summer of 2009.

Indonesia Retirement: Indonesia’s Infrastructure

The country has a well developed communications infrastructure. It is the 6th largest market for cell phone users in the world, hosts nearly a dozen national television networks, and has well over 30 million internet users.

Similarly, the country’s transportation network is relatively developed in the major urban centers of Indonesia. The country hosts several major international airports, world class ports, and a reasonable road and highway system.

While not perfect, an expatriate living in any of the major cities will have access to the kind of communications and transportation infrastructure that a typical American might expect.

Indonesia Retirement: Summary

Popular retirement destinations for expatriate living has been the capital city of Jakarta and the tourist mecca on Bali. The cost of living in Indonesia is relatively low, but can be pricey if you want a very high end lifestyle. The economy of Indonesia seems to be in recovery and growth mode, which bodes well for the future stability of the country.

If you decide to retire abroad to Indonesia, access to quality healthcare for major medical needs might be your major concern, but these can be obtained in neighboring countries which actively promote medical tourism.

Another potential concern are the separatist movements that resort to bombing in high profile tourist areas. While not frequent, they do occur and should be something to keep in the back of one’s mind.

Indonesia can be an ideal destination for a retirement abroad as long as you keep in mind the limitations and risks associated with the country. Aside from those risks and limitations, the country offers a wide range of retirement options from modern city living, to more rural mountain living, to miles of white sand beaches. Indonesia is emerging as one of the best places to retire in Southeast Asia.

(Photos by: Denzani, JazzPearl, Alex_F, Nikkers)

Malaysia’s Physical Landscape – Size and Location

Malaysia is located on the southeasternmost tip of Asia and lies just above the Equator. The country slightly under 330,000 square kilometers in size. Lying in the South China Sea, Malaysia’s physical landscape includes nearly 5,000 kilometers of coastline – providing a water loving retiree with a lot of beachfront, diving, and ocean recreation opportunities.

Malaysia is not a huge country, but its location has been important throughout much of history since it lies in the middle of major shipping and trade routes between Asia and the Western countries. Malaysia’s location continues to play a role in the country’s economic development as the country rapidly integrates into the broader world economy.

Mount Kinabalu on Borneo, highest mountain in Southeast Asia

Malaysia’s Physical Landscape – Geology

Unlike some of its neighbors, which lie on or near the boundaries of major tectonic plates, Malaysia is relatively stable geologically. Major earthquakes are infrequent in Malaysia’s physical landscape and it lies outside of major hurricane tracks that frequently pass through the more northern countries of Southeast Asia.

Should you plan your retirement living overseas in Malaysia, geologic activity will most likely not be a major concern to you. If you live in coastal areas however, you might find yourself exposed to one of the by-products of earthquake or volcanic activity in nearby countries such as Indonesia. Both of these geologic phenomena can and do produce tsunamis that could affect coastal regions.

Coastal areas are characterized by plains which rise up into several mountain ranges. Retirees have an option of living on the tropical plains or moving into the cooler higher elevations of Malaysia. However, the major population centers are located in the coastal areas. Mount Kinabulu is the highest peak in Malaysia, rising to nearly 13,500 feet on the island of Borneo.

Malaysia’s Physical Landscape – Regions

Malaysia consists of two major regions. West Malaysia is a peninsula that extends into the South China Sea from the Asian continent. East Malaysia lies on the northwestern part of the island of Borneo. The capital city of Kuala Lumpur lies on the Malaysian peninsula. The popular tourist destination of Kota Kinabalu lies on the island of Borneo.

The coastal areas of both regions consist of lowlands with occasional mangrove swamps and tropical forests interspersed between lovely tropical beaches. The lowlands rise up into hills and mountains through which many rivers flow – providing natural transportation routes into the interior of the country. Much of the country remains covered with natural rainforests with a wide range of tropical wildlife.

Peninsular Malaysia is the center of the nation’s economy and cultural life, but in recent years, the growth of tourism and manufacturing on Borneo has seen East Malaysia begin to experience rapid development.

Langkawi Island - nice beachgoing during the dry season

Malaysia’s Physical Landscape – Climate

Malaysia’s climate is a typical tropical monsoon climate. Temperatures and relative humidity are typically on the high side year round. Rainfall on the other hand is seasonal. The winter months are the rainy season, while the summer months are a typical dry season.

Malaysia’s physical landscape lies outside of the hurricane belt, but the monsoon season brings heavy rains to the country. From October to February, Borneo and the eastern parts of peninsular Malaysia are exposed to heavy rainfall which often results in flooding. During the summer months, from April to October, will be sunnier and is more ideal for travelers to the country.

The mountainous regions of Malaysia modify this pattern somewhat and provides a cooler more temperate type of climate at higher elevations.

Malaysia’s Physical Landscape – Natural Resources

Historically, the natural resource base of Malaysia’s physical landscape provided the country with an abundance of agricultural, forestry, and mineral resources for international export. Even today, Malaysia is a major producer of natural rubber, palm oil, timber, cocoa, tea, tin, petroleum and natural gas.

Tea plantation in the cooler Cameron Highlands.

In more recent years, the major natural resource of Malaysia has been its own skilled population which has resulted in a shift from an export oriented raw material country into a high technology manufacturing country that now exports electronics components and appliances to the rest of the world.

Over the past few decades, tourism began to increase in importance to the country and today, is second only to manufacturing in terms of economic performance. Malaysia’s white sand beaches, coral seas, unique rainforest wildlife combined with the country’s unique culture shaped by Chinese, Indian, and Malay cultures combine elements of the cultural landscape and physical landscape to make for ideal tourist and retirement destinations.

Malaysia’s Physical Landscape – Summary

Malaysia’s physical landscape provide anyone with the desire to retire abroad in Malaysia with a warm and tropical climate, a seemingly endless supply of white sand beaches, natural rainforests and wildlife, a diverse environment that runs from coastal lowlands to mountain peaks, and a strong natural resource base that helps drive the economy. Due to the richness of Malaysia’s physical landscape, the economic prospects for the future continue to remain a very positive one.

As a retirement destination, Malaysia offers the potential retiree living abroad with a diverse range of environments in which to live. Combined with a diverse culture that is aggressively pursuing foreigners to its shores, make Malaysia truly one of the best places to retire in Southeast Asia.

Retiree’s Rating of Malaysia’s Physical Environment: 5.0/5.0

(Photos by: Yahoo Maps, DevinKho, Annie Hiew, M. Constant)

Islam is the dominant religion in Malaysia.

Thailand and the Philippines are usually the countries that many Americans think about when considering a Southeast Asian retirement destination. However, in recent years, Malaysia has been aggressively going after retirees in an attempt to make that country one of the best places to retire in the region.

Malaysia Retirement -Economy

The average income in Malaysia is about $13,200 US when adjusted for purchasing power. this is higher than the Philippines ($3,700) but still significantly lower than the USA which has an average of about $46,000. A retiree living on a modest budget will find Malaysia a good retirement destination, although perhaps not as cheap as in the Philippines.

Malaysia is considered a newly industrialized country. Manufacturing began to grow in the 1970’s, particularly in the areas of high technology and heavy industry leading to a very export oriented economy. Much of the economic growth has been driven with foreign investment from countries such as Japan. Older industries such as mining (tin), rubber and palm oil still exist but continues to decline as a percentage of national income.

For retirees, Malaysia has launched a “Malaysia, My Second Home” strategy designed to attract foreigners who are planning to retire overseas. The program grants retirees priveleges to engage in part time work, ability to invest in businesses, a long term and multiple entry visa, ability to purchase a home, and ability to import an automobile duty free. Retirees must be able to demonstrate financial ability to support themselves (about $2,500 US/month) or an initial deposit of about $40,000 .

The rapidly modernizing economy combined with the widespread use of English in urban centers (particularly among the younger urban Malaysians) helps to make the country a suitable retirement destination and minimizes culture shock.

A modern mega mall, characteristic of Malaysia's rapid economic development.

Malaysia Retirement – Food and Shopping

Food is relatively inexpensive when purchased from local wet markets and reflects the diverse cultural (Malay, Chinese, Indian and European) heritage of the region. Of course, retirees who wish to shop in more familiar settings will find supermarkets more akin to those in the United States (with correspondingly higher prices). One of the attractions is that the retiree will have a choice how to shape the quality of life when living abroad.
Other products can also be purchased either from megamalls or the local market. Access to electronics, household appliances and other goods is very good in the larger cities. Overall costs are fairly low in comparison to the United States, but slightly higher than in other Southeast Asian countries that are less developed. The country has a clothing industry and locally produced clothing is quite inexpensive.
While a very good destination for living, it’s newly industrializing status will tend to drive costs up over time in relation to other countries that are developing less quickly.

Malaysia Retirement – Healthcare

Malaysia has made major investments in healthcare, not only to service its own growing population, but to provide modern levels of healthcare to foreigners interested in Southeast Asia for healthcare. As in many other Southeast Asia retirement destinations, emphasis on medical tourism initially focused on cosmetic medical procedures. However today, the healthcare system has evolved significantly and provides internationally accredited acute care (hospital) services and development of medical services for chronic and long term care. Costs for healthcare in Malaysia could be as much as 80% cheaper than comparable medical procedures in the USA.

A European styled community for westerners.

Malaysia Retirement – Housing

Housing provides a diverse range of options for an American choosing a Malysia retirement. There are more exclusive foreigner type of settlements and lower cost settlements for the local population. Rental costs will vary from $250 per month to $1,000 per month for more exclusive and high demand areas.
Malaysia Retirement – Social and Political Environment
Malaysia is a relatively stable country from a political perspective. In times past, there were racial tensions between Malay and Chinese groups, but for the most part these have gone way.

Despite being a predominantly Muslim country, there are only few and isolated incidents related with terrorist types of groups. Overall, the population is friendly and has opened its arms towards retirees from abroad with very nice retirement packages.

As in all countries around the world, crime rates are highest in the city. When compared to the USA, the crime rate in Malaysia is low. In 2000, the homicide rate in Malaysia was 2.36 per 100,000 in contrast to a rate of 5.46 homicides per 100,000 in the USA.

A local market for a shopping alternative to malls and supermarkets.

Malaysia Retirement – Transportation and Communications

Malaysia boasts 6 international airports and a fine transportation system of roads connecting the cities within the country. One may also travel by rail or by bus between major destinations. Within the city, one can readily get around by light rail, bus, taxi, or private vehicle. Overall, for the retiree, the systems are more than adequate but for a working expatriate one may have to depend on private transportation.

Given that Malaysia is a newly industrializing country, the retiree will find easy access to modern telecommunications in the major cities. Cable based and satellite networks are available for local and international programming. Stations such as the Discovery Channel, Nikolodeon and MTV are available.

Telephone communications is available through land line and cellular phones. Like in many Asian countries, cell phone use is popular for texting as a cheap way to keep in touch with friends and family.

Internet service providers can provide access to DSL service. Historically, internet cafes operated around the clock but plans have been issued to curtail access after midnight. Other rules will require children under 12 to be accompanied by an adult. Part of these rules are being proposed due to truancy among students.

Malaysia Retirement – Summary:

Overall, although Malaysia is still a country in development it gets a thumbs up as a retirement destination due to the low cost of living and healthcare, business, and transportation infrastructure. Government policies that attempt to make Malaysia one of the best places to retire in Southeast Asia are also likely to prove attractive to Americans who might want to retire abroad. Economically, the country is one of the top performers in Southeast Asia and should provide a retiree with a stable and progressive retirement destination.

Retiree’s Ranking of a Malaysia Retirement: 5.0/5.0

(Photos by: Asli Jamil, Olimohd, Shaolin Tiger and Coba Tra)

Thailand’s Physical Landscape and the Retiree

Location and Size:  the Kingdom of Thailand is located in Southeast Asia. It is 198,115 square miles in size (513,115 square kilometers). The country is bordered to the west by Burma, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, and to the south by Malaysia. Historically, its location has served as a major route connecting south Asia to southeast Asia. This aspect of Thailand’s physical landscape has resulted in many influences that have shaped Thailand’s people and culture over its history.
Thailand has two major seacoasts. The Andaman Sea and Strait of Malacca lie to the west and the Gulf of Thailand to the east and south of the country and provides the country with a over 1,600 miles of coastline.

Thailand’s central location is ideal for retirees who plan to travel throughout Southeast Asia. It’s central location makes it one of the best places to retire if you wish to travel to Vietnam, Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia, and other Asian countries.

Mae Ya Falls in mountainous Chiang Mai region.

Topography: there are four major regions in Thailand’s physical landscape. A mountainous region runs from northern Thailand down to its southern peninsula. Mountains and valleys generally run north to south and have elevations that reach as high as 8,000 feet. The higher elevations result in a cooler climate that supports a more heavily forested landscape. Rivers that begin in this mountainous region flow southward and feed into the Chao Phraya River.

The northern mountain region has historically been a little isolated from mainstream Thailand and remains the home of many indigenous people. Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai have become popular tourist and retirement destinations to expatriates who prefer the less hectic lifestyle of a smaller city.

The second major region of Thailand is the Chao Phraya river valley. The valley area which has fertile alluvial soils and a regular supply of water has historically been the major agricultural region of the country. Rice is the major crop grown here and is the “rice” basket of Thailand. The convenience of low elevations combined with river transport has also made this the most populated part of the country. Bangkok, the capital of the country is located in this physical landscape region. If a large urban setting is your preference for living abroad, Bangkok may appeal to you.

To the northeast, Thailand’s physical landscape is dominated by the Khorat Plateau, a region of rolling hills and lakes that ultimately drain into the Mekong River. The tributary rivers that flow into the Mekong also makes this a key agricultural region.

To the south, Thailand’s last major physical landscape region is a peninsula that offers a coastline rich area with many beaches and scenic islands. Popular tourist resorts have emerged in this area, but much of the local economy in surrounding still depends on a more traditional fishing lifestyle. Phuket island is probably the most popular retirement destination or short term vacation and travel destination.
Thailand’s physical landscape offers the retiree a variety of environments in which to live. Choices are modern urban, resort or rural living. Retirees may also choose between mountain or beach environments.

Climate: Thailand physical landscape is dominated by a tropical climate with high temperatures that range from 77°F to 86°F. The region experiences a wet and dry season. The dry season runs from December to February, with May through September being the wet season characterized by heavy rainfall. Relative humidity is usually over 80% during the rainy season.

The seasonal wet and dry climate is the result of Asia’s monsoon. During winter months, cold and dry air flows from central Asia out to the ocean. The produces a distinct dry season. During summer this pattern reverses, and warm, moist air flows from the ocean onto the continent and brings heavy rains.

Retirees who desire a tropical climate will not be disappointed. However, a cooler climate can be found at higher elevations in the mountains of northern Thailand’s physical landscape.

Resources: in addition to the agricultural river valleys, Thailand’s physical landscape is the source of hardwood forests and minerals that have contributed to Thailand’s economy. Agriculture, forestry and mining have been traditional economic activities in recent history.

More recently, the country’s large coastline and scenic mountains are also valuable physical landscape resources upon which a thriving tourist industry is growingsteadily.

Retirees looking for a more economically stable country will find Thailand a good pick. Thailand’s physical landscape offers the country a solid resource base for tourism and a variety export oriented industries and more than likely contributes to the overall political stability of the country.

Beach on Phuket island in peninsular Malaysia.

Thailand’s Physical Landscape and the Retiree:  Thailand offers the potential retiree a variety of different physical landscapes to choose from. Southern and peninsular Thailand offers much coastline and tropical beach living for ocean lovers. Living choices for the retiree include lively international tourist resorts or small fishing villages outside of the urban centers.

To the North, a cooler, more isolated, and less populated region is available for those wanting a getaway from the urban lifestyle found in Thailand’s coastal areas. Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai are popular retirement destinations for retirees. Combined with cool mountain landscapes, this region is becoming a popular tourist destination off the beaten path.

Thailand’s physical landscape is geologically stable and not as vulnerable to major volcanic and earthquake activity. However, it does lie near countries such as Indonesia which lies in geologically active areas. In 2004, major Indonesian earthquakes did trigger tsunamis that damaged many parts of Thailand’s coast.  Retirees selecting a coastal area for living should keep in mind that tsunamis can be generated by seismic activity in surrounding countries. However, if you are to analyze Thailand historically, the region is relatively stable.

Thailand’s physical landscape receives high marks for offering the retiree a range of environments for living abroad.  It’s rich agricultural, forest and mineral resource base has also contributed to the economic growth and stability of the country. Thailand’s physical landscape provides the retiree with choices of an active urban, rural village, vacation beach resort, or idyllic mountain getaway lifestyles for retirement living.

Retiree’s ranking of Thailand’s Physical Landscape: 5.0/5.0

(Photos by: Paul van Lint (cover), PR, Wasan Markjang, and Clix)
(Map: Yahoo Maps)

Related Posts:

• Thailand Retirement Today
• Thailand’s History and Culture
• Best Places to Retire: Phuket, Thailand
• Best Places to Retire: Southeast Asia

The fashion and garment industry is large and provides affordable clothing.

Many who have decided to retire abroad have been attracted to Thailand as one of the best places to retire in Southeast Asia. Large numbers of Europeans now make the country their full or part-time home. And many Asians from the most developed Asian economies are also choosing to live abroad in this country.

In this article, we explore the many factors that make a Thailand retirement the choice for living abroad for so many people from around the world.

Thailand Retirement – Economy:

Thailand’s per capita GNP when adjusted for purchasing power is $7,880 USD. Thailand currently scores at 0.319 on the international cost of living index (compared to 1.00 for the USA). A Thailand retirement implies a fairly low cost of living which is about a third that of the USA. Inflation runs at about 2% per year, while the economic growth rate of the country is about 5% a year. This low cost of living is one of the features so attractive for living abroad.

Thailand’s economy is growing rapidly and Thailand is now classified as a newly industrializing country. Japan has been a leader in foreign investment in the country and has contributed to the growth of the auto, textile and electronics industries. The popularity of Thailand’s location and environment has also made it a popular tourist destination and today, tourism has become an important part of the nation’s economy.

Night market in Bangkok.

In the past, Thailand’s traditional economy was primarily based on the export of natural resources. Today, Thailand remains a major exporter of agricultural products (rice, sugarcane, corn, and rubber), fish, hardwood lumber, and minerals (tin, tungsten, and lead). Rice used to be the country’s major export, but in the last few decades both industry and mining has become more and more important for the country. Major trading partners for Thailand are the USA, Japan and China.

In recent years, Thailand’s economy has begun to emphasize tourism. Thailand retirement offers eco-tourism packages such as visits to elephant conservation centers and historical-tourism packages to archaeological sites. Medical tourism has been a major emphasis of the government’s development strategy and retirees are able to obtain a wide range of medical treatments at about a tenth of the cost in the United States. The emphasis on tourism to some degree shifts the country’s services to better meet the needs of foreign tourists and ultimately those who decide to retire abroad there. And of course, the growth of medical tourism provides any retiree with access to modern medical care in the larger cities. 

However, the thriving economy makes a Thailand retirement a little more expensive than in some of its neighbors – particularly in the major urban centers. Nevertheless, the cost of living in the USA remains much higher than the cost of living for a Thailand retirement. The strong economy and openness to trade makes the purchase of international goods relatively easy.

The strong textile and garment industry will present retirees in Thailand with access to low cost clothing. Both mass produced and custom made clothing are quite affordable in the country.

Curry is a major condiment used in Thai cooking.

Thailand Retirement – Food

Retirees will find that food is relatively inexpensive and a Thailand retirement will provide you with a unique Thai cuisine that has grown in popularity worldwide. The huge foreign investments from the USA, Japan and China combined with a tourist inclined economy further insures that a Thailand retirement will provide access to an international cuisine catering to its foreign guests.

As in many Asian economies, there are two tiers of shopping in the country. On the high end, the retiree will find world class malls, supermarkets and restaurants. Prices tend to be high in these venues. For those who are more budget conscious, a Thailand retirement translates into visiting more local open/wet markets that are considerably lower in price. Vegetarian retirees will also find it relatively easy to maintain their special diets. There is no shortage of upscale and cosmopolitan restaurants, fast food restaurants, or affordable local street food vendors that offer good eats to match any culinary desire in a Thailand retirement.

Thailand Retirement – Healthcare

Because of the growth of medical tourism in the country, a Thailand retirement means access to first class medical care in the country. The better hospitals have received accreditation from world recognized accrediting bodies and physicians will usually have received their training at top US or European medical schools. Initially, emphasis in medical tourism was placed on cosmetic surgery, but today more complex medical procedures are obtainable.

Beach bungalows are one type of more affordable housing.

Large and modern private, public and university hospitals are available in Bangkok. In the provinces, regional hospitals and smaller community based hospitals are available. In more remote locations, some kind of health center is usually available for basic health care.  A Thailand retirement also means access to quality dental care at much lower prices than in the USA.

Thailand Retirement – Housing

Thailand’s entrance into the international economy provides the retiree with a wide range of housing choices. For the rich and famous, living abroad in Thailand allows one to opt for luxury upscale living in villas designed for wealthy expatriates and wealthy Thais. Prices for this lifestyle will be in the range of $2000 USD a month (including food, utilities, and other living costs). A more middle class lifestyle comparable to that in the USA is also available in suburban type subdivisions or condominium living on a smaller budget.

For those willing to adapt to a more local lifestyle, more affordable housing is available for your Thailand retirement. As one goes further out into the countryside, prices drop even further. On the low end of the scale, one can live on less than $1,000 USD a month without sacrificing too much of a western lifestyle. And if one goes more native, costs for a Thailand retirement will drop even further.

Peaceful protest in Thailand.

Thailand Retirement – Social and Political Issues

Thailand has a constitutional monarchy. Although the country has a king, the formal head of the government is the prime minister. In recent years, the country has been relatively stable. However, tensions will occasionally flare up around the role of the military vs. civilian rule within the country. Rather than being a problem, it is probably a good indication that a progressive middle class is emerging in the country.

Despite Thailand’s economic progress, there remains an economic divide between the rich and the poor, urban and rural regions, and majority groups and ethnic minorities. These tend to be the source of tensions which well up from time to time. For the most part however, the country has achieved a higher level of stability than in the past and the retiree will find a fairly stable country. If selecting a Thailand retirement, it remains a good idea always be conscious of the social issues that do exist within the country.

In comparison to the USA, the homicide rate in Thailand is higher than that in the USA. The country’s homicide rate was 8.47 homicides/100,000 people compared to 5.8 in the USA.

Thailand Retirement – Communications and Transportation

Thailand boasts a modern communications and transportation infrastructure in its major urban centers. Land line and cellular phone providers are available. Radio stations offer broadcasts over several hundred AM and FM stations. There are about a half dozen major television broadcast stations offering international programming. And there are over a dozen major internet service providers for access to the internet. The internet has become so popular, that the government had to consider regulations to minimize truancy among its youth who often skipped school to hang out at internet cafes. A Thailand retirement will make it relatively easy to remain connected with the world via phone, television and internet.

Bangkok is the nation’s transportation hub serviced by international and domestic air transportation, rail travel, bus transportation, and roadways. For more local transportation, retirees will have easy access to taxis and buses, ferries, and for the adventurous even by elephant.

Thailand Retirement – Summary

Overall, the retiree will find that Thailand is an ideal retirement destination. The cost of living is low and the retiree will find access to a wide range of lifestyles and amenities from which to choose. The cost of living is slightly higher than surrounding countries but still very affordable. The recent political protests and the crime rate prevent awarding the country a perfect score of 5.

Although these protests did not rise to a level that presented a significant threat to expatriates, the closure of airports and the scale of the protest suggests that it is something that any retiree should consider if selecting Thailand as a retirement destination.

Retiree’s rating of Thailand for retirement: 4.5/5.0

(Photos by: ES21, Sherine Chua, Nathalie Dulex, Vangelis Thomaidis, and International Rivers)

Thai dancer ... a reflection of the country's unique history.

Thailand’s history has shaped much of the country’s culture and make up of its population. An examination of Thailand’s history provides the retiree with an opportunity to see and experience the progress of the human experience since the Stone Age. In addition to great beaches and nightlife, living abroad in Thailand gives one a great opportunity to study human history.

Thailand’s History:

Thailand’s history begins with the earliest forms of man, progresses through the agricultural revolution, and eventually leads to the development of the modern nation state. Today, Thailand’s cultural landscape mirrors its rich history and makes it one of the best places to retire if you want a retirement destination that is rich in history.
 
Thailand’s History – Prehistoric Period:

Thailand’s history begins with the discovery of human like creatures that date back to the late Paleolithic perod. Fragments of skulls belonging to Homo erectus have been found in northern Thailand that are as much as 800,000 years old. It provides evidence that early hunting and gathering tribal lifestyles probably emerged in Southeast Asia as well as in other places on the planet.

By 5,000- 10,000 years ago, during the Neolithic Period, there is evidence of a shift from a nomadic hunting and gathering lifestyle toward more permanent agricultural settlements. Early people in Thailand appear to have domesticated and cultivated rice about 5,000 years ago. This seems to have happened independently of the agricultural revolutions in other parts of the world such as the Nile region.

Stone Age Thai pottery

By the Bronze (2,500 years ago) and then the Iron Ages (1,700 years ago) people in the region had developed pottery making and metal working skills. Evidence of these developments can be found in archaeological settlements at Ban Chiang and Ban Prasat in northeastern Thailand.

Thailand’s history is notable for being one of the first areas of the emergence of an agricultural society and the foundation for modern human civilization. Retirees with a bent for early human history will find a great deal to see and learn in Thailand.

Ayyuthaya - ruins of one of the first true Thai kingdoms.

Thailand’s History – Early Kingdoms:

Some of the early agricultural settlements in Southeast Asia grew in size and complexity and evolved into larger and more formal kingdoms in the region. The early history of Thailand was influenced by kingdoms established by Mon (Burma), Khmer (Cambodia), and Malay people. Indian missionaries and traders entered the region in 200 BC bringing Theravada Buddhism into the area. By the 11th century AD, the Khmer Empire, centered in modern day Cambodia, had grown in power and ruled much of the region.

The Thai people migrated into the region from Southern China and established city states in Northern Thailand in the 1200’s. As these states grew in power, they eventually overthrew the Khmer rulers and established the Thai kingdom of Sukhothai in 1238. In 1350, the competing Thai kingdom of Ayatthaya rose to power and Ayatthaya became the capital of the Thai kingdom.

The next several centuries of Thailand’s history were marked by conflict with the Burmese. In 1569, Ayatthaya fell to the Burmese, but regained independence in 1589. Ayatthaya once again fell to the Burmese in 1767. In 1782, Siam was reunified and a new Thai capital was established at Bangkok by King Rama I and entered a period of rule by monarchies and Buddhism emerged as the state religion.

The history of Thailand during this period is in many respects similar to the warring period of small kingdoms in Europe, out of which begin to emerge today’s nation-states. A Thailand retirement means access to many large and intact historical sites reflecting the history of this period throughout the country.

Royal palace in Bangkok

Recent History of Thailand:

Thailand’s history came under western influences in the early 1500’s when Portuguese traders entered Siam. Foreign trade grew and expanded with China, Japan and Europe. However, concerns over European colonialism in surrounding countries ultimately lead to the expulsion of European missionaries and advisers.

As a result, Siam was the only country in Southeast Asia that escaped European colonialism. During this period of isolationism in Thailand’s history, the rulers of Siam effectively played off the British (Burma) against the French (Indochina) to maintain their independence. However, by the 1800’s Siam was opened up to European advisers once again in an effort to modernize the country with European technology.

In 1932, Siam became a constitutional monarchy and was formally renamed Thailand in 1939. Thailand was occupied by the Japanese during World War II. Following the defeat of the Japanese, much of Thailand’s history has since  been marked by military rule even though a democratic constitution was in place. Despite intermittent periods of turbulence between pro-civilian and pro-military groups, Thailand experienced much economic progress from the 1970’s to the present. In 2007, a draft of a new constitution was approved.

Despite occasional political tensions in the country, living abroad in Thailand is relatively safe. However, if you do choose to retire abroad in Thailand, it will make good sense to keep an eye on the political situation with respect to civilian and military tensions, and to a lesser extent the potential for political unrest among some of the nation’s minority groups. 

History buffs will find that Thailand’s history dates back to early man (Homo erectus), to the emergence of an agricultural revolution that saw the domestication of plants and animals and emergence of small agricultural communities. These early communities developed the skills to develop metal working and pottery making skills.

As more advanced civilizations emerged in Southeast Asia, India, and China a variety of these early kingdoms left their footprints on Thailand’s history which can still be seen in archaeological ruins and culture today. Perhaps one of the more interesting ruins is found in Ayatthaya, one of the first true Thai kingdoms.

Thailand’s Culture Today: People

Given its rich history, the people of Thailand reflects the many people who have inhabited the country in the past. Today, the population of the country is over 64 million, with about 75% Thai, 14% Chinese, 3% Malay ancestries. The remaining 8% of the population belong to a variety of minority groups and hill tribes.

Indigenous woman in Northern Thailand

The official language of the country is Thai, but other ethnic languages are spoken by the northern tribal groups and various Malay languages among Muslim groups in southern Thailand.  Americans choosing to retire abroad in Thailand will find that workers in the hospitality industry have decent English skills and that use of English in signage in the major urban centers is commonplace.

Theravada Buddhism remains the dominant religion of the country, with Islam being more prevalent in the south. Respect for ancestors is a strong component of the Buddhist influence along with respect for seniority in family life, a world view that any senior living abroad in Thailand is likely to appreciate.

Thailand’s Culture Today: Cities

Bangkok is the cultural and economic center of the country. Bangkok is a modern city well plugged into the global economy. To the north, Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai are popular tourist destinations and home of many retired expatriates from around the world. Pattaya is another popular tourist and retirement destination with a pleasant tropical beach setting.

Thailand’s unique history and culture makes it one of the best places to retire for anyone who is a student of human history from early man to the modern day nation state.

Retiree’s Ranking of Thailand’s History and People:  5.0/5.0

(Photos by: Augustus Gloop (cover), 3000names, Hiltonius, Boontai, and Troy Newell)

Mayon volcano eruption.

If selecting a Philippines retirement, a retiree should develop a good understanding of the Philippines physical landscape. The Philippines physical landscape provides both opportunities for a nice retirement lifestyle but also carries certain risks. However, these risks can be pretty much minimized with careful planning.

Philippine’s Physical Landscape: Location and Geology

The Republic of the Philippines is an archipelago located off the eastern coast of Southeast Asia. It sits on top of the Philippines tectonic plate which stretches out to the east of the country and converges with the Pacific tectonic plate.

The boundary of the two plates create much of the geologic forces that created the Philippines islands. The heavier Pacific tectonic plate is forced below the lighter Philippines plate. This process is called subduction and creates the Marianas Trench.

As the Pacific plate dives beneath the Philippines plate, it also deforms and uplifts the Philippines plate and is the primary force which created the Philippines archipelago. At the same time, the subducting Pacific plate is heated by the earth’s interior and begins to melt. This molten material fuels volcanic activity across the archipelago. As a result, the Philippine’s physical landscape is also marked by many volcanoes, some of which are active.

If considering a Philippines retirement, one of the risks that a retiree should be aware of is the possibility of volcanic activity. While the actual risk is probably no more or less than the risk of volcanism in the northwestern United States, it is something to keep in mind. While volcanoes are common throughout the islands, they are not all active and some actually make for a pleasant retirement location due to the higher elevation and cooler climate.

Sunset over Camiguan Beach.

At the same time, the merging of the tectonic plates does create some earthquake activity as well. Susceptibility to earthquakes varies from location to location throughout the archipelago. If building or purchasing a home, this might be something to consider as well. Again, the level of risk is probably in the same ballpark as living on America’s west coast.

The Philippines physical landscape consists of over 7,100 islands and offers the retiree an abundance of beaches and ocean recreation spots and your greatest risk here is probably getting a sunburn. Ocean recreation ranges from scuba diving, snorkeling, jetskiing, surfing, to the more relaxing beach combing.

With a little selectivity in choosing a location for your retirement destination, living abroad in the Philippines can be a relatively pleasant one as far as geologic activity is concerned.

Philippine’s Physical Landscape: Geographic Regions

The Philippines landscape is divided into three island regions. To the north, the island of Luzon is the country’s largest island, the center of the Luzon island group, and the location of the capital city of Manila.

The Visayas are a group of islands that lie in the central part of the Philippines archipelago to the south of Luzon. From an economic perspective, the most important island in the Visayas is Cebu, where Metro Cebu, the second largest city in the country is found.

The Mindanao island group lies the furthest south. Mindanao is the largest island where Davao, the country’s third largest city, is located. The Philippines physical landscape thus offers the retiree three separate regions, each with a modern urban center if that is your preference for a retirement destination.

Heavy monsoon rains in Boracay.

Philippine’s Physical Landscape: Climate

The climate of the Philippines is characterized by a rainy season and a dry season. The monsoon climate which affects most of South and Southeastern Asia bring a dry season during winter months (December to April), when cold dry air from the Asian continent moves out to sea. During the summer months, the monsoon air mass reverses and warm moist maritime air flows onto Asia and brings heavy rains. May to October brings heavy rains to the Philippines physical landscape.

In addition to the influence of the monsoon, the northern parts of the Philippines lies in the path of regular typhoon (hurricane) activity. Typhoon season falls during the months of July through October. The southern Philippines pretty much lie outside of the typhoon belt.

The major climatic risks for the retiree are the occasional typhoons and occasional mudslides or flooding associated with the heavy rains. It does make sense to inquire about these risks in selecting a home when you retire overseas.

While the average climatic condition is hot and humid, at higher elevations the average temperature drops significantly. The city of Baguio, located in the mountains of Luzon is a popular destination for retirees preferring a cooler climate.

Philippines tarsier, a unique wildlife resource.

Philippine’s Physical Landscape: Resources

The Philippine’s landscape is rich in a variety of resources, but these have not been fully developed. The country is dependent on oil imports at the present and the cost of oil products reflects the global price for oil. As the country begins to develop its energy resources and grows less dependent on imported oil, energy costs are likely to become more stable.

Alternative energy sources such as natural gas, geothermal energy, wind energy, and hydroelectric power hold much potential for making the country more self-sufficient with respect to energy. Exploration for oil in the southern waters of the country is underway as well. For the present however, retirees can expect the price of fuel to reflect global pricing rather than lower costs associated with other commodities found naturally within the country.

The country also boasts rich wildlife resources which contributes to the development of an ecotourism industry. An amateur naturalist will find  diverse wildlife from the tropical rainforests of the Philippines to the clear waters just off the coast of the country’s white sand beaches.

The country also has a wealth of mineral resources. The metallic minerals such as copper and gold, are actively mined and there remains much potential for nonmetallic minerals such as salt and gypsum to be mined for future development.

The Philippines physical landscape is rich in volcanic soils for agriculture, but to date most of the production is located on Luzon. What is produced ends up in local markets and there is little surplus for export. Until sufficient effort is made to develop the country’s full agricultural potential, the country finds itself having to import rice and other food commodities. If the country is able to resolve its internal conflicts and make a sufficient investment in regions outside of Luzon, the country has the potential to become a major food exporting country again.

The country is self sufficient with respect to many crops, and the retiree will find food prices to be very affordable. For other crops such as rice however, because the country is dependent on imports, prices will reflect the global market and tend to be higher in cost. A handful of agricultural products such as copra, sugar, and rubber are produced in large enough quantities to become an export industry.

Philippines Physical Landscape: Summary 

A Philippines retirement provides the retiree with a range of physical and climatic types to select from ranging from tropical beaches to cool mountain getaways. Parts of the country are susceptible to environmental risks such as volcanic activity, earthquakes, and hurricanes. Depending on where one chooses to live, a retiree should be conscious of these potential risks and be prepared. The risk level is probably similar to the American west coast for volcanic activity and earthquakes and similar to the American southeast coast for hurricanes. If you remain concious of these environmental hazards, the Philippines can be one of the best places to retire in Southeast Asia for the typical American expatriate.

The low cost of living in the Philippines is to some degree tied to the country’s ability to produce many goods locally. Major exceptions are rice and oil which must be imported and reflect the higher global market prices.

Overall, the country does receive good marks as a retirement destination, particularly for those who prefer a more beach oriented retirement, but a half point is shaved off for some of the environmental risks and heavy dependence on oil imports and an energy infrastructure that remains vulnerable to the rise and fall of the global energy market.

Retiree’s Rating of the Philippines Physical Landscape: 4.5/5.0

(Photos by: EarthLogWX,  CleverYetClueless, WiliHybrid, NotEverythingisaCrisis)

The Philippines is increasing in popularity as a retirement destination.

Living overseas in retirement has been gaining popularity among America’s boomer generation. And many Americans have decided that the Philippines is an ideal location as a retirement destination. Similar thinking is taking place among citizens from Japan, Korea and Singapore as well – and the Philippines is emerging as one of the best places to retire in the minds of a growing international population.

Philippines Retirement – The Economy:

The Philippines seems to be on the verge of becoming another one of Southeast Asia’s economic tigers. There is a considerable amount of foreign investment coming into the country and the Philippines appears to be developing rapidly.  Costs of living tend to be higher in the larger cities, but very affordable in the smaller cities.

The International Cost of Living Index ranks the Philippines at 0.226 in comparison to the United State’s ranking of 1.000. As a general rule of thumb, a Philippines retirement will mean that your cost of living will be about a fifth to a fourth that of the USA. It is no wonder then that so many are choosing to retire overseas in the Philippines.
 
The Philippines economy is also very much tied to the global economy. The country has a very large number of overseas workers who remit a considerable amount of money back to the country. Despite the strengthening of the peso in recent years, this creates some incentive to keep the dollar to peso exchange rate somewhat stable. Should the peso gain too much strength against the dollar, it would have a major impact on the Filipino families receiving overseas remittances from America. There does seem to be internal economic forces at work that will work to keep a Philippines retirement a desirable one.

Today, Philippines retirement and living seems to appeal to many of the more developed Asian nations. Companies from Japan, Korea, and China have made major investments in the country. It is not all that uncommon to see Chinatowns and Koreatowns springing up in the country. Of course, many Americans have been attracted to a Philippines retirement as well and one can find expatriate communities in the major cities of Manila, Cebu, and Davao.

Some McDonald's will even deliver.

Philippines Retirement – Food and Dining:

If you are watching the Travel Channel a lot, one might be given the impression that a Philippines retirement translates into eating tree worms. But that is not a complete picture of dining in the Philippines. Partly because of the large number of Western and Asian expatriates in the country, one can find a wide range of highly international dining options in the country. This ranges from your ordinary Pizza Hut pizza to fine Chinese cuisine. This is particularly true in the larger cities. And yes, as odd as it may seem, McDonald’s will even deliver spaghetti to your home if you so desire.

As you become more acclimated to retirement life in the Philippines, the expatriate will discover a unique Filipino cuisine. Food from open markets will be considerably cheaper than in the high end supermarkets and there is an abundance of street vendors selling a wide range of foods. Fresh agricultural produce, poultry and fish are widely available for those having to manage their diets.

Philippines Retirement – Housing

On a Philippines retirement, a pensioner can live very comfortably on $1,000 a month. Those living in more rural areas, can do so on a much smaller budget. If living overseas in an upscale gated community and driving your own vehicle is more of your style, a budget of $1,500-2,000 may be more realistic.

A thousand dollar a month budget includes the cost of your rental, utilities, food, transportation, and other incidental expenses. By utilities, I mean electricity, water, cable television and dsl internet access. If you need one, of course you can easily throw in a maid to make living abroad a little more luxurious.

A fully furnished four bedroom house in a gated and security guarded subdivision  might run in the area of $800 a month. On the other hand, a retiree could find a similar four bedroom home 30 minutes outside the city renting for less than $400 a month. Take away the furnishings, and prices drop even further. It is not inconceivable to find an unfurnished three to four bedroom unit renting for less than $200 a month outside of the city.

Although a relatively new concept, there are a handful of Philippines retirement communities being developed. Many of these are targeting the Asian market (Japan and Korea), but it is likely to be a trend that continues into the future which will go more aggressively after the American market as well. These retirement communities provide assisted living for seniors, making a Philippines retirement viable for those needing help in basic living activities.

Philippines Retirement – Healthcare

The quality of healthcare is rapidly improving in the Philippines. The country is pursuing medical tourism as part of its economic development strategy.  As a result, some of the better hospitals are receiving international accreditation (JCI). The quality of care at these accredited institutions are as good as in American hospitals.

Cell phone use is ubiquitous in the Philippines.

The Philippines is also in the early stages of developing facilities designed to provide long term care for foreigners. It is anticipated that this will continue to grow as countries such as Japan, China, Korea and the USA continue to age. 
 
There are both public and private hospitals that provide healthcare, and smaller clinics are spread throughout the countryside. Access to pharmaceuticals is not difficult as there are no shortages of pharmacies. However, the price of brand name prescription medicines is one of the commodities that is not significantly cheaper in the Philippines. A Philippines retirement means access to quality medical and dental care at very affordable prices.

Philippines Retirement – Social and Political Environments

Over the past couple of years, the Philippines performed better than most countries in Asia with steady growth and reduction of foreign debt. The current administration seems to be fairly progressive, but the President has her admirers and detractors. Still, the positive growth seems to suggest that the country is headed in the right direction for becoming one of the best places to retire in Southeast Asia.

The Philippines has a less than stellar reputation for doing business however. Laws restrict foreign ownership of land and business. And the country sometimes does have exciting scandals related to political corruption. Nevertheless, for the right businesses, the country offers many advantages that still attract a significant amount of foreign investment.

The island of Mindanao is the only area where there are occasional eruptions of insurgency. Following the collapse of legislation that would have given Muslim political groups more autonomy, there was a brief flare-up of unrest. However, it seems to have calmed down. Overall, there does not appear to be widespread anti-government feeling on the island. Most Muslims appear integrated into the economy and probably prefer a peaceful rather than revolutionary development of Mindanao. Travel to the larger cities of Mindanao such as Davao, Cagayan de Oro, and Zamboanga is relatively safe. Travel to the smaller and more rural towns on Mindanao where problems have occurred is not recommended for the casual tourist or the new Philippines retiree.

Perhaps one of the greatest concerns to a retiree is the safety of the country. It is often difficult to sort through dramatic headlines and the actual statistics of the country. While no statistical measure is ever perfect, the data does suggest that the Philippines is a relatively safe retirement destination. For example, the United States has an intentional homicide rate of 5.5 homicides per 100,000 people. The Philippines has a rate that is 4.3 per 100,000. From a national perspective, it seems safer than the United States an an ideal retirement destination.

However, one must keep in mind that these statistics are national averages. In the Philippines, like any other country in the world, crime rates tend to be high in the larger cities and much lower in small cities. It is probably safe to say, that the risk of being a victim of crime is no better or worse to comparable areas in the US.

In other words, crime rates can be expected to be low if you live in an upscale gated subdivision, a suburban community, or small town whether in the USA or Philippines. On the other hand, in the areas of the city where unemployment is high, one can expect relatively higher crime rates whether one is in Manila or Los Angeles.

Jeepneys are widely used for public transportation.

Philippines Retirement – Transportation and Communication: 

Transportation should not provide a problem for a Philippines retirement. Transportation networks throughout the country are well developed. International flights to Manila and Cebu are available and a number of local airlines provide flights that connect the cities within the country.

Within any city, public transportation will include buses as well as privately operated taxis, jeepneys, and motorized tricycles. Fares are relatively cheap and one really does not need to own a vehicle to get around. Ferries are also available for interisland transportation. However, it may be best to avoid them during rough seas or hurricane weather.

A Philippines retirement also means being plugged into the global communications system. Although a developing country, the Philippines is fairly well wired into modern telecommunications systems. In part, this may be due to the large number of Filipinos living abroad. In country, it seems that almost everyone has cell phones, but instead of calling it is often used for texting.

Internet cafes are found throughout the country, even in the smaller cities and getting plugged into the internet is no problem. DSL connections through phone companies are available. Higher speed internet and voip cable service is available, but primarily in Manila.

Cable television service is available countrywide and it is possible to get American channels such as HBO. Television channels include not only Filipino shows, but programming from around the world – again reflecting the increasing cosmopolitan nature of the country. Korean soaps are particularly popular.  To put things in perspective, the Friendster social networking site, probably has more Filipinos participating than most other countries. The Filipinos are very well connected into the global telecommunications network.

Philippines Retirement – Summary

The low cost of living is one of the most attractive features of the country that will appeal to anyone who wants to retire abroad. Despite these lower costs, a Philippines retirement will still provide access to the modern amenities that Americans will desire when they retire overseas. The country is relatively stable politically and the truly cosmopolitan nature of the country makes it a desirable retirement destination.

Philippines Retirement Rating: 5.0/5.0

(Photos by Shadow 216, Michael Lorenzo, G. Apial, Dany Sabadini, Grayspirit)